Cultured marble shower walls arrive with a brilliant white or cream finish. The color is consistent. The surface is glossy. It stays that way for years.
Then one day you notice it. A subtle shift near the window. A warm tint along the edge where sunlight hits the wall. Or maybe it is the whole panel — a gradual, even yellowing that you did not see happening because it happened so slowly.
Yellowing is one of the most common complaints about cultured marble. And it is also one of the most misunderstood. Not all yellowing is permanent. Not all yellowing is the same material defect. And in many cases, it can be fixed.
There are two distinct causes of yellowing in cultured marble. Understanding which one you are dealing with determines whether the fix is simple, complex, or impossible.
UV exposure. Polyester resin — cov laus tshuaj uas sib npaug rau cultured marble — yuav raug kev ntsuas ntawm UV. Cov photon UV no yog ua rau cov khoom sib npaug hauv polyester resin los ntawm kev paub tias muaj cov khoom sib npaug uas muaj tsiaj (cov khoom sib npaug uas muaj tsiaj) uas daws cov xov tooj blue thiab rov qab cov xov tooj yellow. Ntawd yog qhov kev sib npaug tshuaj uas yog qhov ua rau cov khoom sib npaug rau hauv tsev nyob ntawm lub tsev los ntawm qhov ntsuas UV thiab yuav muaj tsiaj thiab yellow thaum muaj ntau dua.
Hauv lub tsev nyob, kev muaj tsiaj thiab yellow yog tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw xwb. Nws yuav muaj nyob rau lub pob zeb uas nyob deb tshaj plaws rau lub qhov rooj, lossis rau qhov saum tob ntawm lub pob zeb yog tias cov xov tooj UV tau txhawb mus rau ntawd raws li qhov ntsuas. Kev muaj tsiaj thiab yellow yog tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw uas tau raug, thiab yuav muaj kev thim rau qhov tsiaj thiab yellow raws li qhov ntsuas UV tsis tau txhawb mus rau ntawd.
Cov khoom sib npaug uas muaj qhov zoo tsis zoo. No ntawv no yog qhov tshwm sim zoo dua. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov neeg tsim marble uas siv cov polyester resin nyuaj tshaj plaws. Cov resin no muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo, tsis muaj UV stabilizers zoo, thiab yuav tshem tawm rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj lub caij ntuj txias los. Ib qho lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub tsev uas tsis muaj qhov rooj twb tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntsuag ntau rau hauv 2-5 xyoo yog tias cov resin tsis zoo.
Qhov sib txawv yog rau hauv qhov kev ua leej twg. Qhov ntsuag ntau ntawm UV yog rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj ntuj txias. Qhov ntsuag ntau rau hauv cov resin yog zoo ib yam rau hauv txhua qhov chaw, tsaug li rau hauv qhov kawg thiab rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj ntuj txias los.
Ib qho tshwm sim tshiab, uas tsis tau pom ntau, yog rau hauv qhov sib koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov ntaub ntawv tshiab uas nyuaj heev — tshwj xeeb yog cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj bleach, ammonia zoo heev, thiab acetone — yuav sib koom nrog cov gel coat lossis cov resin hauv qab, ua rau qhov ntsuag ntau lossis qhov ntsuag ntau ntau rau hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo. Qhov ntsuag ntau no yog tshwj xeeb rau hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo thiab yog rau hauv qhov sib koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev npaj ntsuab yog kom tsis npaj ntsuab ua ntej qhov khoom los ntawm lub tshuab. Qhov no tsis yog qhov uas cov neeg nyob hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua tom qab xaiv. Nws yog qhov leej twg xaiv thaum tsim khoom.
Cov thawv tshuab tshaj plaws uas tsim cov khoom marble uas muaj kev txheeb xyuas yuav siv qhov polyester resin uas muaj lub npe tshiab uas hu ua "NPG" lossis neopentyl glycol resin. NPG resin muaj qhov qhia ntawm molecular uas tsis raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm UV thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm oxygen. Nws muaj nqi siab dua li cov resin tshwj xeeb — nyob rau hauv 20 thiab 30 peb cent ntau dua li cov resin tshwj xeeb rau ib pound. Tiamsi qhov kev tsis npaj ntsuab uas nws muab tau yog qhov loj.
Wiselink siv NPG resin rau txhua yam khoom marble uas muaj kev txheeb xyuas. Hauv peb kev txheeb xyuas UV uas ua ntej (simulating ten years of direct sunlight exposure), cov khoom uas siv cov resin tshwj xeeb tau npaj ntsuab nyob rau hauv 500 teev. Cov khoom uas siv NPG resin tsis muaj kev thim ntsuab tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv 2,000 teev.
Kab laj tshuaj yuav tso cai los ntawm kev siv. Kab laj tshuaj tshwj xeeb yuav muaj tsia nyob hauv kab laj tshuaj ntxiv, thiab yog qhov thib rau ntawm kev tswj hluas. Kab laj tshuaj uas muaj kev tswj hluas rau UV yuav pab tswj hluas ntxiv. Yog tias kab laj tshuaj thiab kab laj tshuaj ntawm cov khoom siv muaj kev tswj hluas rau UV, ces cov khoom yuav muaj tsia zoo ib txhiab xyoo.
Rau cov tsev nyob hauv qhov chaw uas muaj lub rooj tshoob uas muaj lub cua sov, qhov kev tswj hluas tshwj xeeb yog lub rooj tshoob uas muaj kev tswj hluas rau UV. Lub rooj tshoob uas muaj kev tswj hluas rau UV yuav pab tswj hluas rau UV 95 peb cent lossis ntau dua rau cov pob zeb ntawm lub tsev nyob. Nws yog qhov tsis loj, tsis pom tau hauv tsev, thiab pab tswj hluas rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
Yog tias koj cov khoom siv marble uas tau ua los ntawm kev siv khoom siv muaj qhov tsia nyob hauv, thiab qhov tsia no yog qhov koj tuaj siab tau tab sis cov neeg txaus siab tsis tau, ces koj tuaj yeem tswj hluas nws hauv tsev los ntawm cov khoom siv uas koj muaj lawm.
Kev tswj hluas no siv hydrogen peroxide. Qhov kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv uas muaj 3 peb cent yog tsim nyog. Kojoj xav tau ib qho cloth uas soft thiab tsis muaj daim ntawv, ib qho plastic wrap, thiab lub cua sov (lossis ib qho UV lamp).
Tso ntaub rau hydrogen peroxide thiab tso nws rau qhov ntawv yuam. Nco ntaub kom muaj kev sib sau ntau dua. Tso plastic wrap rau hauv kom hydrogen peroxide tsis tau los ntawm qhov yuam. Tom qab ntawd, tso lub ciaj rau hauv qhov yuam rau peb xyoos los ntawm ob rau li cas. Lub UV light yuav ua rau hydrogen peroxide ua haujlwm, uas tshem tawm cov molecular structures uas ua rau qhov yuam.
Txoj kev no yuav zoo heev thaum ua dua li cas rau ob rau peb hnub. Thaum li cas, tso hydrogen peroxide tshiab, tso plastic wrap, thiab tso rau hauv lub ciaj rau ob rau peb xyoos. Tshawb xyuas qhov txheeb xyuas thaum sawv ntxov. Ntau yam yuam tsis loj yuav kho los ntawm peb zaug.
Tsis txhob siv hydrogen peroxide ntau dua (12 percent lossis 30 percent "food grade") yog tias koj tsis paub txog kev siv cov khoom sib thaj. Hydrogen peroxide ntau dua yuav ua rau qhov gel coat muaj kev puas lossis muaj kev yuam ntau dua. 3 percent yog zoo thiab ua haujlwm.
Txais no tsaus los yog vim qhov tsaus yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov txheeb (cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhov txheeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv). Cov hydrogen peroxide yuav tshuas mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, oxidize cov chromophores, thiab txuag qhov tsis tsaus. Nws tsis puas qhov txheeb yog tias peb siv nws raws li qhov tswv yim.
Yog tias qhov tsaus yog ntau dua — muaj peb tuaj yeem pom tau los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev, lossis muaj los rau peb xyoo — qhov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide yuav tsis sib npaug. Qhov tsaus yuav tshwm sim rau hauv qhov ntaub ntawv ntau dua, lossis qhov oxidation yuav ntau dua rau qhov tshuaj yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua kom rov qab.
Qhov kawg yog tshuaj qhov tsaus los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Cov neeg siv khoom yuav siv cov polishing machine thiab cov polishing compound uas yuav tshuas qhov txheeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv — tshwm sim rau 2-5 mils. Qhov no yuav tshuas qhov tsaus thiab qhia cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau hauv.
Kev ua noj yog li 1 teeb. Cov nqi yog li $200 rau $400, txhob li qhov loj thiab qhov siab ntawm kev npaj ntawm lub tshuab. Qhov uas tau txais yog lub zog uas muaj txoj cai li tib yam li lub tshuab tshiab.
Kev kho tshiab yog tsuas yog thaum kev npaj ntawm lub tshuab yog nyob hauv lub tshuab tshiab. Yog tias kev npaj tau mus rau hauv lub tshuab tshiab, kev kho tshiab tsis tuaj yeem kho nws — kev npaj yuav rov qab los thaum lub zog tshiab uas tau muab tshem tawm tau rov npaj.
Thaum kev npaj siab ntau ntau — lub tshuab tau rov los li white rau butter-yellow lossis tan — tsis muaj kev npaj lossis kev kho tshiab uas tuaj yeem muab cov lus nug zoo. Kev npaj tau cuam tshuam rau lub tshuab tshiab thiab lub tshuab tshiab.
Kev kho rau no yog kev kho tshiab: kho lub zog tshiab rau kom tshem tawm lub tshuab tshiab npaj, tom qab ntawd kho lub tshuab tshiab tshiab. No yog kev ua 2 hnub. Hnub 1: tshem tawm thiab kho. Hnub 2: kho lub tshuab tshiab tshiab thiab kho kom tshem tawm.
Txoj cai yog siab dua—txawv li 500$ rau 1,200$ rau cov kab tshuab tshwj xeeb, nyob ib leeg ntawm qhov ntau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub vaj. Qhov uas tau txais yog kab tshuab uas muaj txoj kev daws thiab kev ua hauj lwm zoo li tshiab, thiab muaj cov kab tshuab tshiab uas muaj qhov sib thooj yuav tshwm sim ntxiv.
Muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem. Yog tias qhov ntsuab yog tsis yog qhov ntsuab ntawm qhov pov tseg xwb, tab sis yog qhov ntsuab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm qhov dav ntawm kab tshuab, qhov kev kho yuav pab txhim kho qhov teeb meem, tab sis qhov ntsuab yuav tshwm sim ntxiv. Cov kab tshuab tshiab yuav saum qhov ntsuab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, tab sis cov khoom sib xyaw yuav tshwm sim ntsuab los ntawm hauv. Thaum muaj ntev (2 rau 5 xyoo), qhov ntsuab yuav tshwm sim ntxiv.
Muaj qhov thaum kev kho tsis muaj kev tshwm sim. Yog tias cov kab tshuab yog 10 xyoo los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab muaj qhov ntsuab siab rau ntawm kab tshuab tshwj xeeb, qhov khoom sib xyaw yog ntsuab rau ntawm kab tshuab tshwj xeeb. Qhov kho yuav pab txhim kho qhov teeb meem, tab sis kab tshuab yog tseem tshwm sim ntxiv.
Qhov nqi los npaj qhov tshuab tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab yog $1,800 rau $5,400 (saib Lub Lij Cai 46 rau qhov nqi sib piv thiab). Yog li cas qhov nqi los npaj txog qhov ntau ntawm qhov no, npaj qhov tshuab yuav zoo dua rau qhov sib xyaw ntev.
Qhov kev xaiv kuj nyob ntawm qhov ib leeg ntawm lub tshuab. Yog li cas qhov tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab yog muaj qhov ntaub ntawv daj, tab sis qhov tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab, cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab qhov pab tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv tile yog zoo, npaj qhov tshuab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Yog li cas lub tshuab thiaj muaj qhov ntaub ntawv daj, npaj qhov tshuab yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua.
Puas muaj qhov tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab uas daj thaum muaj ntev?
Tsis. Qhov tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab uas tau ua los ntawm NPG resin thiab UV-resistant gel coat tsis daj thaum muaj ntev hauv lub tshuab. Qhov daj yog qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo, tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab.
Yog li cas qhov tshuab uas muaj qhov ntaub ntawv marble uas tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab yuav daj thaum muaj ntev?
Thaum muaj qhov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo: ob rau tsib xyoo. Thaum muaj qhov ntaub ntawv zoo dua: tsib rau kaum xyoo. Thaum muaj qhov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws (NPG resin, UV-resistant gel coat): tsis daj thaum muaj ntev hauv qhov sib xyaw ntev ntawm qhov khoom.
Yog li noj qhia yog muaj kev nyuaj rau qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm cov ntaub?
Tsis. Yog li noj qhia yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev xav li cas. Cov ntaub tsis muaj kev nyuaj rau qhov kev tswj hwm. Tsis matter li cas, cov ntaub uas yog li noj qhia heev kuj muaj kev tswj hwm rau kev puab tawm, kev tswj hwm rau kev tawm thiab kev tswj hwm rau dej. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsum ua siab yog qhov kev xav li cas.
Yog li noj qhia yuav tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho ntaub mus rau lwm qho ntaub?
Tsis. Yog li noj qhia yog qhov kev thim ceev ntawm ib qho ntaub txhua yam. Ib qho ntaub uas yog li noj qhia tsis tuaj yeem "tshuaj" rau cov ntaub uas nyob hauv qhov kev sib sau. Qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov li cas ntawm ib qho ntaub yog nyob ntawm qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub thiab kev tshuaj ntawm UV.
Yog li cas yog qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm Wiselink rau kev tswj hwm li cas?
Peb ua kev ua haujlwm ASTM D4329 rau kev tshuaj UV (kev tshuaj UV rau kev tshuaj rau kev tshuaj UV, 8-hour UV cycle nyob rau hauv 60 degrees C, 4-hour condensation cycle). Nyob rau hauv 2,000 hours ntawm kev tshuaj txhua hnub — uas yog ib qho tshwm sim zoo li 10 xyoo ntawm kev tshuaj UV nyob rau hauv ib qho tsev tshuaj — peb cov ntaub muaj delta E (kev thim ceev ntawm li cas) tsis li 0.5. Qhov ntawv ntawm neeg tsis tuaj yeem pom kev thim ceev ntawm li cas uas tsis li 2.0.
Koj tuaj yeem sau li cas rau cov marble uas yog li noj qhia?
Koj tuaj yeem. Siv lub primer uas muaj kev nyuam qhov ntau thiab tom qab ntawd siv lub paint acrylic lossis epoxy uas tsim rau fiberglass thiab plastic surfaces. Cov lus nug no yuav zoo heev rau 1 los yog 3 xyoo. Lub paint yuav tawm thiab tawm tshaj thaum cia li vim lub gel coat tsis muaj qhov ntsiab tsis muaj kev nyuam qhov zoo rau kev nyuam qhov meej. Lub painting yog ib qho kev txiav txim uas tsuav cia li.
Lub yeeb yuav tsis yog ib qho kev tuag rau cultured marble. Rau ntau yam, nws yog ib qho kev nyuam qhov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem kho tau. Qhov tseem ceeb yog nrhiav nws hauv qhov kawg—lub yeeb yuav me me yuav raug kho tau ntau, lub yeeb yuav loj yuav xav tau kho ntxiv lossis suav tshaj. Thiab rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, qhov ntaub ntawv zoo yuav pab tshem tawm qhov teeb meem ntawd.
Tus ntaub ntawv xaum nyiaj © Guangdong Wiselink Ltd. -- Kev Ceeb Toom Siab
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